Female Political Youth Activism. A Study of the Motivation in Seke


Abstract


The study seeking to understand the participation of female youth in active politics in Zimbabwe was influenced by the desire in some of the female youth to participate actively only to face unending challenges socially, politically and economically. The study was conducted in the form of a survey using questionnaires administered to 200 participants purposively sampled in Chitungwiza's four residential Units with each contributing 50 female participants. Analysis of data was conducted using 'Framework', a qualitative analytic method which assisted to comprehend internal meanings of the participants' responses and presenting them qualitatively. The study established that while Zimbabwe has various instruments for the promotion of women involvement in politics, the political terrain is defined by several social, economic and cultural barriers. The study identified some of the factors driving female youth into politics and some hindering their participation. It was established that areas with higher levels of election-related persecution are more exposed to politics and higher levels of wanting to participate in political developments. It was noted that female youth who had experienced violence are more probable than non-affected youth to turn out to be effective politicians and to realise the importance of elections.

DOI Code: 10.1285/i20356609v12i3p919

Keywords: Female youth; Gender; Political activism; Political participation; Political problems

References


Amna, E., and Ekman, J. (2014) “Standby Citizens: Diverse Faces of Political Passivity”, European Political Science Review 6(2): 261-81.

Badza, S. (2008) ‘Zimbabwe’s 2008 Elections and their Implications for Africa’, African Security Review 17(4): 1–16

Banet-Weiser, S. (2018). Empowered: Popular Feminism and Popular Misogyny. Durham, NC/London: Duke University Press.

Barnes, S. and Kaase, M. (1979). Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Beaman, L., Chattopadhyay, R., Duflo, E., Pande, R., and Topalova, P. (2009). Powerful Women: Does Exposure Reduce Bias? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(4).

Booth C, (2011) Seeking True Democracy: The Challenge and Promise of Full Equality for Women, Chatham House

Borovsky, G., Cherrabi El Alaoui, S. and Doherty, M., (2010) Confidence, Capacity, Connections. A Young Woman’s Guide to Leadership, National Democratic Institute.

Caiazza A. (2006) Called to Speak, Six Strategies That Encourage Women’s Political Activism: Lessons from Interfaith Community Organizing, Institute for Women’s Policy Research, Washington DC.

Dalton, R. J. (2013). Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies, (6th Edition). Washington, DC: CQ Press.

Dodo O, Makwerere D, Matavire M. and C. Parwada (2013) “An Analysis of Challenges Faced by Students Learning in Virtual and Open Distance Learning System. A Case of Bindura University of Science Education (BUSE)”. Educational Research and Reviews, 8(11): 700-707

Dodo O, Nsenduluka E, and Kasanda S. M. (2016) “Political Bases as the Epicentre of Violence: Cases of Mazowe and Shamva, Zimbabwe”. Journal of Applied Security Research, 11(2): 208-219

Ekman, J. and Amna, E. (2012) 'Political participation and civic engagement: Towards a new typology', Human Affairs 22(3): 283-300.

Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ) (2010). Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act Statutory Instrument 21. Ministry of Youth Indigenisation and Empowerment (MYIE). Harare.

Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ) (2017), Zimbabwe Youth Council Act (Chapter 25:19), Parliament of Zimbabwe, Harare

Government of Zimbabwe. (2015). Constitution of Zimbabwe. Harare: Government Printers.

Harris, A. and Lam, K. (2019), Youth participation in ‘post-secular’ times: young Muslim and Buddhist practitioners as religious citizens, British Journal of Sociology, 70(2): 627-646

Hausmann R, L. D. Tyson and S. Zahidi, (2011), “The Global Gender Gap Report 2011”, World Economic Forum.

Hazan, R. Y. and Rahat, G., (2010), Democracy within Parties: Candidate Selection Methods and their Political Consequences, New York: Oxford University Press.

Held, D. (2006) (3rd ed.) Models of Democracy. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Hibbing, J. and Theiss-Morse, E. (2005). ‘Citizenship and Civic Engagement’. Annual Review of Political Science. 8: 227- 249.

Idang, G.E. (2009). The Mind-Body problem in African Culture. From Footmarks to Landmarks on African Philosophy. Lagos: Obaroh and Ogbinaka Publishers.

Johnson J. E, (2007), “Domestic violence politics in post-Soviet States” Social Politics, 14(3): 380–405

Klemmensen, R., Hatemi, P., Hobolt, S., Petersen, I., Skytthe, A., and Norgaard, A. (2012). “The Genetics of Political Participation, Civic Duty and Political Efficacy across Cultures: Denmark and the United States”. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 24: 409-427.

Koffman, O. and R. Gill (2013) “The revolution will be led by a 12-year-old girl”: girl power and global bio-politics, Feminist Review, 105, 83–102

Krook, M. L., (2009), Quotas for Women in Politics: Gender and Candidate Selection Reform Worldwide, New York: Oxford University Press.

Labour and Economic Development Research Institute of Zimbabwe (Ledriz) (2016), Employment Creation Potential Analysis by Sector, International Labour Organisation (ILO), Geneva

Loader, B. D., Vromen, A., and Xenos, M. (2014) 'The networked young citizen: social media, political participation and civic engagement', Information, Communication & Society 17(2): 143-50.

Mascheroni G. (2015), The practice of participation: Youth’s vocabularies around on- and offline civic and political engagement, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

Mengistu M. M. (2017), ‘The Quest for Youth Inclusion in the African Politics: Trends, Challenges, and Prospects’. Journal of Socialomics, 6, 189

Mwale C. and O. Dodo, (2017), “Socio-Cultural Beliefs and Women Leadership in Sanyati District”, Journal of Social Change, 9(1), 107–118

Norris P. and M. L. Krook, (2011), Gender Equality in Elected Office: A Six-Step Action Plan, Warsaw: OSCE/ODIHR, p. 53,

Ojok D. and T. Acol (2017), ‘Connecting the Dots: Youth Political Participation and Electoral Violence in Africa’, Journal of African Democracy and Development, 1(2): 94-108

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2009). Security System Reform: What Have We Learned? Results and trends from the publication and dissemination of the OECD/DAC, Handbook on Security System Reform, OECD/DAC

OSCE/ODIHR (2014), Handbook on promoting women’s participation in political parties, OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), Warsaw.

Peng L. (2010). ‘Consensus Democracy and the Third Wave of Democratization in the 21st Century’. Social Sciences in Yunnan. 4

Research and Advocacy Unit (RAU) (2018), Zimbabwe Political Violence and Elections, Harare, RAU

Ritchie, J. and Spencer, L. (1994) ‘Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research’, in A. Bryman and R.G. Burgess (eds) Analyzing Qualitative Data. London: Routledge

Rose, R. & D. C. Shin (2011). ‘Democratization Backwards: The Problem of Third-Wave Democracies’. British Journal of Political Science. 31(2): 331-375.

Sloam, J. (2007). ‘Rebooting Democracy: Youth Participation in Politics in the UK’. Parliamentary Affairs 60:548- 567.

Sommers M. (2007), ‘Creating Programs for Africa’s Urban Youth: The Challenge of Marginalization’, Journal of International Cooperation in Education, 10 (1).

Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Gender Monitor. (2013). Women in Politics and Decision Making, Gaborone, Botswana

Stoker, G. (2006). Why Politics Matters: Making Democracy Work. Basingstoke: Palgrave, Macmillan.

The World Development Report 2012, (2012), Gender Equality and Development, Washington, DC: World Bank.

Thorson, K. (2014) 'Facing an uncertain reception: Young citizens and political interaction on Facebook', Information, Communication & Society, 17(0): 203-16.

Tomanovic S, and Stanojevic D. (2015), Young People in Serbia: Situation, Perceptions, Beliefs and Aspirations, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and Secons Development Initiative Group, Belgrade

Towns A, (2010), Women and States: Norms and Hierarchies in International Society, New York: Cambridge University Press

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2014) Regional overview: Youth in Africa, International Year of Youth, Dialogue, and Mutual Understanding, UNDP, Nairobi

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), (2017), ‘Africa’s youth and prospects for inclusive development: Regional situation analysis report’, ECA, Morocco

Yarwood, J. (2015), ‘Youth and Political Participation in Africa-Beyond Protests’, Africa Watch, 9, 1-5.


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.
کاغذ a4

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia License.