Kernel Density Smoothing Using Probability Density Functions and Orthogonal Polynomials
Abstract
This article is the first of a series devoted to providing a way to
correctly explore stock market data through kernel smoothing
methods. Here, we are mainly interested in kernel density smoothing,
our approach revolves around introducing and testing the goodness of
fit of some non-classical kernels based on probability density functions
and orthogonal polynomials, the latter ones are of interest to us when
they are of order two and above. For each kernel, we use a
modified version of the “rules of thumb” principle in order to
compute a smoothing parameter that would offer optimal smoothing
for a reasonable computational cost. Compared to the Gaussian
kernel, some of the tested kernels have provided a better
Chi-square statistic, especially the kernels of order 2 based on
Hermite and Laguerre polynomials. These results are illustrated
using data from the Moroccan stock market.
References
Albers, C. J. and Schaafsma, W. (2008). Goodness of fit testing using specic density estimate. Statistics and Decisions, 26:3-23.
Bhattacharya, P. K. (1967). Estimation of a probability density function and its derivatives. Sankhya: Series A, 29:373-382.
Chihaha, T. S. (1978). An introduction to orthogonal polynomials. Gordon and Breach.
Di Nunno, G. and ksendal, B. (2011). Advanced mathematical methods for finance. Springer-Verlag.
Gasser, T., Muller, H. G., and Mammitzsch, V. (1985). Kernels for nonparametric curve estimation. Journal of Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 47:238-252.
Gautschi, W. (2004). Orthogonal polynomials: computation and approximation. Oxford University Press.
Grund, B., Hall, P., and Marron, J. (1994). Loss and risk in smoothing parameter selection. Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, 4:107-132.
Hall, P. and Murison, R. D. (1993). Correcting the negativity of high-order kernel density estimators. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 47:103-122.
Henderson, D. J. and Parmeter, C. F. (2012). Canonical higher order kernel for density derivative estimation. Statistics and Probability Letters, 82:1383-1387.
Jones, M., Marron, J. S., and Sheater, S. J. (1996). A brief survey of bandwidth selection for density estimation. Journal of The American Statistical Association, 91:401-407.
Lee, S. and Young, G. A. (1994). Practical higher-order smoothing of the bootstrap. Statistica Sinica, 4:445-459.
Li, Q. and Racine, J. S., editors (2007). nonparametric econometrics: theory and practice. Princeton University Press.
Marron, J. and Wand, M. (1992). Exact mean integrated squared error. The Annals of Statistics, 20:712-736.
Murison, R. D. (1993). Problems in curve estimation for independent and dependent data. PhD thesis.
Newman, M. E. J. (2006). Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law. Unpublished paper.
Osemwenkhae, J. E. and Odiase, J. I. (2007). Improving the choice of higher order univariate kernels through bias reduction technique. Journal of Science and Technology, 26:19-23.
Silverman, B. W. (1986). Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. Chapman and Hall.
Wand, M. P. and Jones, M. C. (1985). Kernel smoothing. Chapman and Hall.
Full Text: pdf