A multimodal and cross-cultural analysis of farmhouse holidays websites. A comparison between Italy, Germany and Austria


Abstract


This project aims to analyse the language of tourism as a specialized discourse as well as to investigate the way cultural orientations affect tourists’ choices in the before-travelling stage. To this end, a multimodal approach has been applied to the promotion strategies implemented on websites of farmhouses in Italy, Germany and Austria. Websites as hybrid media (Antelmi 2007, p. 218) are particularly worth investigating due to their multimodal nature. Not only words, but also nonverbal elements play a crucial role in producing meaning and are here thereby taken as useful tool to decode culture. A corpus-based investigation of the texts from the websites will then integrate the data of the multimodal analysis, in order to make assumptions about the persuasive strategies within the two cultures and their linguistic realisations. Findings have been interpreted through the framework of ‘Cultural Communication Grammar’ (Manca 2016b), which provides a classification of the ways cultures express different strings of meaning in communication and relies on other theories provided by intercultural studies (Hofstede 2001; Hall 1982, 1983). Early results already reveal significant differences between the cultural systems involved and also in reference to how verbal and nonverbal language are at work in the promotion of farmhouse holidays in the countries involved.


DOI Code: 10.1285/i22390359v40p241

Keywords: multimodality, tourism, websites, cross-culture, communication

References


Boyer M. and Viallon P. 1994, La communication touristique. Que sais-je?, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.

Brake T., Walker D.M. and Walker T.D. 1995, Doing Business Internationally: The Guide to Cross-Cultural Success, Irwin, Burr Ridge.

de Mooij M. 2010, Global marketing and advertising: understanding cultural paradoxes (2nd ed.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks.

Denti O. 2012, Cross-cultural Representations in Tourism Discourse: The Case of the Island of Sardinia, Master Aipsa Edizioni, Cagliari.

Ehlich K. 2014, Tourismus und sprachliches Handeln. Diesseits und jenseits von Lingua Franca Kommunikation, in Höhmann D. (ed.), Tourismus-Kommunikation. Im Spannungsfeld von Sprach- und Kulturkontakt, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, pp. 13-37.

Francesconi S. 2007, English for Tourism Promotion: Italy in British Tourism Texts, Hoepli, Milano.

Francesconi S. 2011, Images and writing in tourist brochures, in “Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change” 9 [4], pp. 341-356.

Francesconi S. 2012, Generic integrity and innovation in tourism texts in English, Tangram Edizioni Scientifiche, Trento.

Francesconi S. 2014, Reading Tourism Texts: A Multimodal Analysis, Channel View Publications, Bristol.

Giacomarra M.G. 2005, Turismo e comunicazione. Strategie di costruzione del prodotto turistico, Sellerio, Palermo.

Hall E.T. 1989, Beyond Culture, Doubleday, New York.

Halliday M.A.K. 1978, Language as Social Semiotics: The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning, Edward Arnold, London.

Halliday M.A.K. 1985, Introduction to Functional Grammar, Edward Arnold, London.

Halliday M.A.K. 2004, An introduction to functional grammar (3rd ed., revised by C. Mathiessen), Edward Arnold, London.

Hofstede G., Hofstede G.J. and Minkov M. 2010, Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (3rd ed.), McGraw Hill, New York.

Hofstede G. and Hofstede G.J. 2011, Lokales Denken, globales Handeln. Interkulturelle Zusammenarbeit und globales Management (5th ed.), Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich.

Janich N. 2013, Werbesprache. Ein Arbeitsbuch, 6. Auflage, Niemeyer, Tübingen.

Katan D.M. 2004, Translating Cultures. An Introduction for Translators, Interpreters and Mediators, St Jerome Publishing, Manchester.

Kress G. and van Leeuwen T. 2006, Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2nd ed.), Routeledge, London.

Maci S. 2003, Tourism Discourse: Professional, Promotional and Digital Voices, ECIG, Genova.

Magris M. 2014, La fraseologia delle emozioni in testi turistici promozioanli tedeschi e italiani: un’analisi contrastiva e traduttologica, in Höhmann D. (ed.), Tourismus-Kommunikation. Im Spannungsfeld von Sprach- und Kulturkontakt, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, pp. 15-37.

Manca E. 2004, The language of tourism in English and Italian: Investigating the Concept of Nature between Culture and Usage, in “ESP Across Cultures” 1, pp. 53-65.

Manca E. 2016a, Persuasion in Tourism Discourse. Methodologies and Models, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne.

Manca E. 2016b, Official Tourist Websites and the Cultural Communication Grammar model: analysing language, visuals, and cultural features, in “CULTUS: The Journal of Intercultural Mediation and Communication” Issue 2016 V, 9 (1st volume), pp. 2-22.

Moya Guijarro J. and Pinar Sanz M.J. 2008, Compositional, interpersonal and representational meanings in a children’s narrative. A multimodal discourse analysis, in “Journal of Pragmatics” 40, pp. 1601-1619.

Palmisano D. 2010, Kulturorientierte Sprachanalyse im Fachbereich Tourismus, Tesi di laurea in Lingua e traduzione tedesca, Università del Salento.

Ricci Garotti F. 2016, Das Image Italiens in deutschen touristischen Reisekatalogen, Carocci Editore, Rome.

Royce T.D. 2007, Intersemiotic complementarity: a framework for multimodal discourse analysis, in Royce T.D. and Bowcher W.L. (eds.), New Directions in the Analysis of Multimodal Discourse, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwaw, pp. 63-110.

Santulli F., Antelmi D. and Held G. 2007, Pragmatica della comunicazione turistica, Editori Riuniti, Roma.

Tognini Bonelli E. and Manca E. 2004, Welcoming Children, Pets and Guests: towards functional equivalences in the languages of Agriturismo and Farmhouse Holidays, in Aijmer K. and Altenberg B. (eds.), Advances in Corpus Linguistics. Papers from the 23rd International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora (ICAME 23) Goeteborg 22-26 May 2002, Rodopi, Amsterdam/New York, pp. 371-385.

van Leeuwen T. 2005, Introducing social semiotics, Routledge, London.

Volli U. 2005, Semiotica della pubblicità, Laterza, Bari.


Full Text: pdf

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia License.