Participatory processes as a tool for community development: A case study framed in a “clinical community psychology”


Abstract


The community represents a fundamental aspect of the human experience. However, contemporary communities face a range of stressors that, over time, can lead to significant transformations, engendering uncertainty and fostering the rise of distrustful and individualistic attitudes. This case study aimed to synthesize insights from clinical psychology and community psychology to promote a participatory decision-making process in a small town in Lazio. We conducted interviews with key community stakeholders (n=17) and organized focus groups (n=6). The transcriptions of the interviews were analyzed using Elementary Contextual Thematic Analysis, which facilitated the identification of six thematic clusters, subsequently interpreted through Emotional Textual Analysis (ETA). The texts from the focus groups underwent inductive thematic analysis, revealing five salient themes. This research phase informed the design of an intervention aimed at revitalizing the network of relationships within the community, thereby providing individuals with opportunities to cultivate conditions conducive to collective well-being. The study underscored how the psychodynamic dimension, within a community psychology framework, enhanced the understanding of the subjective and relational dimensions of contexts, enriched capabilities for interaction within group settings, and improved predictive abilities and strategic decision-making.

 


DOI Code: 10.1285/i24212113v11i1p71

Keywords: participatory processes, decision-making processes, community development, clinical community psychology, psychoanalytic perspective

References


Adams, T., Jones, S. H., & Ellis, C. (2015). Autoethnography: Chapter 1. Oxford University Press.

Albanesi, C., Cicognani, E., & Zani, B. (2007). Sense of community, civic engagement, and social well-being in Italian adolescents. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 17(5), 387–406. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.903

Amnå, E., & Ekman, J. (2014). Standby citizens: Diverse faces of political passivity. European Political Science Review, 6(2), 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175577391300009X

Arcidiacono, C., De Piccoli, N., & Mannarini, T. (2021). Psicologia di comunità. Vol. 2: Metodologia, ricerca e intervento [Community psychology. Vol. 2: Methodology, research, and intervention]. FrancoAngeli.

Arcidiacono, C., Procentese, F., & Baldi, S. (2009). Participatory planning and community development: An e-learning training program. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 38(1), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852350903393475

Arcidiacono, C., Tuozzi, T., & Procentese, F. (2016). Community profiling in participatory action research. In L. A. Jason & D. S. Glenwick (Eds.), Handbook of methodological approaches to community-based research: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods (pp. 355-364). Oxford Academic.

https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190243654.003.0035

Borg, S. (2010). Language teacher research engagement. Language Teaching, 43(4), 391-429. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444810000170

Boyd, N., Nowell, B., Yang, Z., & Hano, M. C. (2018). Sense of community, sense of community responsibility, and public service motivation as predictors of employee well-being and engagement in public service organizations. The American Review of Public Administration, 48(4), 428–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074017692875

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Capone, V., & Petrillo, G. (2020). Mental health in teachers: Relationships with job satisfaction, efficacy beliefs, burnout, and depression. Current Psychology, 39(5), 1757–1766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9878-7

Caputo, A. (2019). The experience of therapeutic community: Emotional and motivational dynamics of people with drug addiction following rehabilitation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(1), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-0008-4

Caputo, A., & Tomai, M. (2020). A systematic review of psychodynamic theories in community psychology: Discovering the unconscious in community work. Journal of Community Psychology, 48(6), 2069–2085. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22407

Carli, R., & Paniccia, R. M. (2003). Analisi della domanda: Teoria e tecnica dell’intervento in psicologia clinica [Analysis of demand: Theory and technique of intervention in clinical psychology]. Il Mulino.

Carli, R., Paniccia, R. M., Giovagnoli, F., Carbone, A., & Bucci, F. (2016). Emotional textual analysis. In L. A. Jason & D. S. Glenwick (Eds.), Handbook of methodological approaches to community-based research: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods (pp. 111–120). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190243654.003.0012

Caughy, M. O. B., Brodsky, A. E., O’Campo, P. J., & Aronson, R. (2001). Perceptions of parenting: Individual differences and the effect of community. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 679–699. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00493

Cicognani, E., Mazzoni, D., Albanesi, C., & Zani, B. (2015). Sense of community and empowerment among young people: Understanding pathways from civic participation to social well-being. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 26(1), 24–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-014-9481-y

Cornish, F., Breton, N., Moreno-Tabarez, U., Delgado, J., Rua, M., de-Graft Aikins, A., & Hodgetts, D. (2023). Participatory action research. Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 3(34). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-023-00214-1

Coulombe, S., & Krzesni, D. A. (2019). Associations between sense of community and well-being: A comprehensive variable and person‐centered exploration. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(5), 1246–1268. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22186

Dolan, P. (2012). Travelling through social support and youth civic action on a journey towards resilience. In M. Ungar (Ed.), The social ecology of resilience: A handbook of theory and practice (pp. 357–366). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0586-3_28

Dudgeon, P., Scrine, C., Cox, A., & Walker, R. (2017). Facilitating empowerment and self-determination through participatory action research: Findings from the National Empowerment Project. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917699515

Fang, M. L., & Woolrych, R. (2016). Place-making with older persons: Establishing sense-of-place through participatory community mapping workshops. Social Science & Medicine, 168, 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.007

Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219-245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800405284363

Fornari, F. (1979). I fondamenti di una teoria psicoanalitica del linguaggio [The bases of a psychoanalytic theory of language]. Boringhieri.

Foster-Fishman, P. G., Cantillon, D., Pierce, S. J., & Van Egeren, L. A. (2007). Building an active citizenry: The role of neighborhood problems, readiness, and capacity for change. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 91–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9097-0

Francescato, D., & Mebane, M. (2015). Learning innovative methodologies to foster personal, organizational, and community empowerment through online and face-to-face community psychology courses. Universitas Psychologica, 14(4), 1209–1220. https://doi.org/10.1114/Javeriana.upsy14-4.limf

Francescato, D., & Zani, B. (2017). Strengthening community psychology in Europe through increasing professional competencies for the new territorial community psychologists. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 8(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.7728/0801201703

Francescato, D., Solimeno, A., Mebane, M. E., & Tomai, M. (2009). Increasing students” perceived sociopolitical empowerment through online and face‐to‐face community psychology seminars. Journal of Community Psychology, 37(7), 874–894. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20338

Freud, S. (1913). The interpretation of dreams. MacMillan Co. https://doi.org/10.1037/10561-000

Gianturco, G. (2005). L’intervista qualitativa. Dal discorso al testo scritto [Qualitative interview. From the discourse to written text]. Guerini e Associati.

Gibson-Beverly, G., & Schwartz, J. P. (2008). Attachment, entitlement, and the impostor phenomenon in female graduate students. Journal of College Counseling, 11(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2008.tb00029.x

Groot, B., & Abma, T. (2022). Ethics framework for citizen science and public and patient participation in research. BMC Medical Ethics, 23(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-022-00761-4

Hartmann, H., Moura, C. F., Anderegg, W. R. L., Ruehr, N. K., Salmon, Y., Allen, C. D., Arndt, S. K., Breshears, D. D., Davi, H., Galbraith, D., Ruthrof, K. X., Wunder, J., Adams, H. D., Bloemen, J., Cailleret, M., Cobb, R., Gessler, A., Grams, T. E. E., Jansen, S., Kautz, M., Lloret, F., O’Brien, M. (2018). Research frontiers for improving our understanding of drought-induced tree and forest mortality. New Phytologist. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15048

Heller, K., Price, R., Reinharz, S., Riger, S., & Wandersman, A. (1984). Psychology and community change: Challenges of the future. Dorsey.

Kagan, C. (2015). Community psychological perspectives and counselling psychology. Counselling Psychology Review, 30(3), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.30.3.12

King, R. A., & Shelley, C. A. (2008). Community feeling and social interest: Adlerian parallels, synergy and differences with the field of community psychology. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 18(2), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.962

Koh, E., & Twemlow, S. W. (2014). Towards a psychoanalytic concept of community (I): Consideration of current concepts. Applied Psychoanalysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/aps.1424

Kral, M. J., Ramírez García, J. I., Aber, M. S., Masood, N., Dutta, U., & Todd, N. R. (2011). Culture and community psychology: Toward a renewed and reimagined vision. American Journal of Community Psychology, 47, 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-010-9367-0

Kwan, C., & Walsh, C. A. (2018). Ethical issues in conducting community-based participatory research: A narrative review of the literature. The Qualitative Report, 23(2), 369–386. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3331

Lake, D., & Wendland, J. (2018). Practical, epistemological, and ethical challenges of participatory action research: A cross-disciplinary review of the literature. Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, 22(3), 11–42. https://doi.org/10.12973/jheoe.2018.22302

Lancia, F. (2004). Strumenti per l’analisi dei Testi: Introduzione all’uso di T-LAB [Tools for text analysis: Introduction to the use of T-LAB]. FrancoAngeli.

Langher, V., Caputo, A., & Martino, G. (2017). What happened to the clinical approach to case study in psychological research? A clinical psychological analysis of scientific articles in high impact-factor journals. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2017.5.1670

Langher, V., Caputo, A., Brandimarte, D., Giacchetta, A., Grippo, A., & Nannini, V. (2019a). Symbols and meanings in a suburban’s local culture: A case study. Rassegna di Psicologia, 36(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.4458/196502

Langher, V., Marchini, F., Brandimarte, D., Giacchetta, A., & Caputo, A. (2019b). Trauma and reparation in a community struck by earthquake: A clinical dynamic interpretation for post‐emergency intervention. Psicologia della Salute, 3, 98–121. https://doi.org/10.3280/PDS2019-003006

Liang, B., Tummala‐Narra, P., & West, J. (2011). Revisiting community work from a psychodynamic perspective. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(5), 398–404. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025104

Luo, J., & al. (2022). Etiology of breast cancer: A perspective from epidemiologic studies. Journal of the National Cancer Center, 2, 195–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jncc.2022.08.004

Maldonado-Torres, N. (2016). Colonialism, neocolonial, internal colonialism, the postcolonial, coloniality, and decoloniality. In Key terms in postcolonial studies (pp. 67–78). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137547903_6

Martín-Baró, I. (1994). Writings for a liberation psychology. (A. Aron & S. Corne, Eds.). Harvard University Press.

Martini, E. R. (2020). BuonAbitare. Il lavoro psicologico nei contesti abitativi per fornire servizi alle persone e promuovere comunità di vicinato. Psicologia di Comunità, (2019/2), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.3280/PSC2019-002008

Matte Blanco, I. (1975). The unconscious as infinite sets: An essay in bi-logic. Duckworth.

McIntyre, A. (2008). Participatory action research. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483385679

Michalski, C. A., Diemert, L. M., Helliwell, J. F., Goel, V., & Rosella, L. C. (2020). Relationship between sense of community belonging and self-rated health across life stages. SSM - Population Health, 12, 100676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100676

Montero, M. (2007). The political psychology of liberation: From politics to ethics and back. Political Psychology, 28(5), 517–533. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2007.00588.x

Montero, M., Sonn, C., & Burton, M. (2017). Community psychology and liberation psychology: A creative synergy for an ethical and transformative praxis. In M. A. Bond, I. Serrano-García, & C. B. Keys (Eds.), APA handbook of community psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 253–270). Theoretical foundations, core concepts, and emerging challenges. American Psychological Association.

Morfoulaki, M., Myrovali, G., & Chatziathanasiou, M. (2022). Exploiting marketing methods for increasing participation and engagement in sustainable mobility planning. Sustainability, 14(8), 4820. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084820

Natale, A., Papa, R., & Gargiulo, C. (2016). New technologies, individual behaviors, and lifestyles: The role of local communities in creating the smart city. CRIOS: Critica degli ordinamenti spaziali, 11(1), 63–72. Franco Angeli. https://doi.org/10.3280/CRIOS2016-011006

Obst, P. M., Smith, S. G., & Zinkiewicz, L. (2002). An exploration of sense of community, Part 3: Dimensions and predictors of psychological sense of community in geographical communities. Journal of Community Psychology, 30(1), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.1054

Orford, J. (1992). Community psychology: Theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons.

Parker, I. (1997). Psychoanalytic culture: Psychoanalytic discourse in Western society. Sage Publications, Inc.

Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.

Perkins D. F., Borden L. M., Villarruel F. A., Carlton-Hug A., Stone M. R., & Keith J. G. (2007). Participation in structured youth programs: Why ethnic minority urban youth choose to participate—or not to participate. Youth and Society, 38, 420–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X06295051

Prati, G., Albanesi, C., & Pietrantoni, L. (2016). The reciprocal relationship between sense of community and social well-being: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Social Indicators Research, 127, 1321–1332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1012-8

Prezza, M., Amici, M., Roberti, T., & Tedeschi, G. (2001). Sense of community referred to the whole town: its relations with neighboring, loneliness, life satisfaction and area of residence. Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 29-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(200101)29:13.0.CO;2-C

Procentese, F., & Gatti, F. (2022). Sense of responsible togetherness, sense of community, and civic engagement behaviours: Disentangling an active and engaged citizenship. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 32(2), 186–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2566

Procentese, F., Di Napoli, I., Esposito, C., & Gatti, F. (2023). Individual and community-related paths to civic engagement: A multiple mediation model deepening the role of sense of responsible togetherness, community trust, and hope. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 9(1), 64–83.

Putnam R. D., & Feldstein L. (2003). Better together. Simon & Schuster.

Putnam, R. D. (2023). Community vs. individualism. An American parable. Il Mulino.

Rebolj, A. B. (2013). The case study as a type of qualitative research. Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies, 28–43.

Rimé, B. (1993). Le partage social des émotions [The social aspect of emotion]. In B. Rimé & K. Scherer (Eds.), Les émotions (pp. 271–300). Delachaux et Niestlé.

Rochira, A., De Simone, E., & Mannarini, T. (2023). Community resilience and continuous challenges: A qualitative analysis of the functioning of communities in the aftermath of persistent and ordinary stressors. Journal of Community Psychology, 51(3), 1106–1123. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22987

Said, M., Dakduki, J., & Colucci, F. P. (2020). An experience of action research in Arab-Israeli schools. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 6(2/1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1285/i24212113v6i2-1p20

Sarason, S. B. (1974). The psychological sense of community. Jossey-Bass.

Skipper, Y., & Pepler, D. J. (2021). Stepping into interdependent and relational space using co-creation. Action Research, 19(3), 588–605. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750320960810

Sloan, T. S. (2016). Damaged life: The crisis of the modern psyche. Routledge.

Sohi, K. K., Singh, P., & Bopanna, K. (2018). Ritual participation, sense of community, and social well-being: A study of seva in the Sikh community. Journal of Religion and Health, 57, 2066–2078. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0424-y

Speer, P. W., Peterson, N. A., Armstead, T. L., & Allen, C. T. (2013). The influence of participation, gender, and organizational sense of community on psychological empowerment: The moderating effects of income. American Journal of Community Psychology, 51(1-2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-012-9547-1

Stark, W. (2011). Community psychology as a linking science: Potentials and challenges for transdisciplinary competencies. In E. Almeida (Ed.), International community psychology: Community approaches to contemporary social problems (pp. 123–136). Universidad Interamericana.

Stewart, K., & Townley, G. (2020). How far have we come? An integrative review of the current literature on sense of community and well‐being. American Journal of Community Psychology, 66(1-2), 166-189. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12456

Talò, C., Mannarini, T., & Rochira, A. (2014). Sense of community and community participation: A meta-analytic review. Social Indicators Research, 117(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0347-2

Teo, T. (2005). The critique of psychology: From Kant to postcolonial theory. Springer.

Trickett, E. J. (2009). Community psychology: Individuals and interventions in community context. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 395–419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163517

van Vlaenderen, H., & Nkwinti, G. (1993). Participatory research as a tool for community development. Development Southern Africa, 10(2), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/03768359308439684

Vaughn, L., & Jacquez, F. (2020). Participatory research methods – Choice points in the research process. Journal of Participatory Research Methods, 1. https://doi.org/10.35844/001c.13244

Verbena, S., Rochira, A., & Mannarini, T. (2021). Community resilience and the acculturation expectations of the receiving community. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(2), 390–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22466

Zaff, J., Boyd, M., Li, Y., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2010). Active and engaged citizenship: Multi-group and longitudinal factorial analysis of an integrated construct of civic engagement. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 736–750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9541-6

Zanbar, L., & Ellison, N. (2019). Personal and community factors as predictors of different types of community engagement. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(7), 1645–1665. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22219

Zoli, A. (2014). The transition process in Monteveglio: Turning points. Community Psychology in the Current World: Challenges, Limits and Practices, 811–812.

Zoli, A., Akhurst, J., Di Martino, S., & Bochicchio, D. (2022). Overcoming marginalisation and mental distress through community-supported agriculture: The Streccapogn experience in Monteveglio, Italy. In C. Walker, A. Zoli, & D. Raeymaekers (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of innovative community and clinical psychologies (pp. 325–345). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71190-0_17


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.
کاغذ a4 ویزای استارتاپ

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia License.