Globalization, artificial intelligence, social networks and political polarization: New challenges for community psychologists


Abstract


The aim of this paper is to explore how some macro changes brought about by globalization have created new opportunities, but also difficult problems for community psychologists. (a) Economic changes, which have created new jobs in different areas of the world and promoted the emergence of a “sharing economy”, but also fostered huge disparities both within and across countries. (b) Political changes, such as increased polarization and the growth of nationalist and populist parties, which amplify divisiveness but go along with a transformation of the notion of citizenship and identity. (c) Technological changes brought about by the artificial intelligence revolution, which opens up both opportunities and dangers for job prospects, and by the diffusion of social networks, able of both promoting political participation and increasing political polarization. Finally, aims that community psychologists could pursue to help develop the opportunities and reduce the problems that emerge from these changes are discussed.

 


DOI Code: 10.1285/i24212113v4i1p20

Keywords: globalization; AI; social networks; political polarization; community psychology

References


Akyol, M. (2017). The Islamic Jesus: How the king of the Jews became a prophet of the Muslims. New York, NY: St Martin’s Press.

Aneesh, A. (2012). Negotiating globalization: Men and women of India’s call centers. Journal of Social Issues, 68, 514–532. doi: 10.1111/j.1540- 4560.2012.01761.x

Arcidiacono, C. (2013). Reflections and action in community psychology (ECPA Bulletin No. 1). Retrieved from http//www.ecpa-online.eu

Arcidiacono, C., Tuozzi, T., & Procentese, F. (2016). Community Profiling in participatory action research. In L. A. Jason & D. S.

Glenwick (Eds.), Handbook of methodological approaches to community-based research: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods (pp. 355–364). New York, NY: Oxford University Press,.

Barbera, P. (2015). How social media reduces mass political polarization. Evidence from Germany, Spain, and the U.S Retrieved from http://pablobarbera.com/static/barbera_polarization_APSA.pdf

Benedetti, M., Mebane, M., & Oancea, D. (2010). Promozione del dialogo interculturale in un quartiere multietnico attraverso una ricerca intervento sui profili di comunità [Promoting intercultural dialogue in a multicultural neighborhood: An action-research on community profiles]. Psicologia di Comunità, 1, 87-97,

Bhagat, R. B., Segovis, J. C., & Nelson, T. A. (2012). Work stress and coping in the era of globalization. New York, NY: Routledge.

Boxell, L., Gentzkow, M. & Shapiro, J. M. (2017). Is the Internet causing political polarization? Evidence from demographics. NBER Working Paper No. 23258. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2937528

Brooks, D. (2017, September 1). In praise of equipoise. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/01/opinion/in-praise-of-equipoise.html?_r=0

De Masi, D. (2017). Lavorare gratis, lavorare tutti [Working for free, working all]. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli.

Douthat, R. (2017, March 25) Break up the liberal city. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/25/opinion/sunday/break-up-the-liberal-city.html?mcubz=0

Florida, R. (2005). The flight of the creative class. New York, NY: HarperCollins.

Ford, M. (2015). The rise of robots. Technology and the threat of jobless future. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Francescato, D. (2017). A critical look at globalization processes and at the internationalization of community psychology. In M. Bond, C. Keys & I. Serrano-Garcia (Eds.), APA Handbook of Community Psychology, vol. 1 (pp. 485–501). Washington D.C.: APA.

Francescato, D., & Aber, M. (2015). Learning from organizational

theory to build organizational empowerment. Journal of Community Psychology, 43(6), 717–738. doi: 10.1002/jcop.21753

Francescato, D., & Mebane, M. (2015). Learning innovative methodologies to foster personal, organizational and community empowerment through online and face-to-face community psychology courses. Universitas Psychologica, 14(4), 15–25. doi: 10.114/Javeriana.upsy14-4.limf

Francescato, D., Mebane, M., Tomai, M., Benedetti, M., & Rosa, V. (2012). Promoting social capital, empowerment and counter-stereotypical behavior in male and female students in online CSCL communities. In H. Cuadra-Montiel (Ed.), Globalization – Education and management agendas (pp. 75-108). London: InTech.

Francescato, D., Solimeno A., Mebane, M., & Tomai, M. (2009). Increasing students perceived political empowerment through online and face-to-face community psychology seminars. Journal of Community Psychology, 37, 874-894. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20338

Francescato, D., Tomai, M., & Mebane, M. (2006) Psicologia comunitaria en la ensenanza y la orientacion. Experiencias de formacion: presencial y online. Madrid, Spain: Narcea.

Francescato, D., Tomai, M., & Solimeno, A. (2008) Lavorare e decidere meglio in organizzazioni empowered e empowering [Improved work and decision making in empowered and empowering organizations]. Milano, Italy: Franco Angeli.

Francescato, D. & Zani, B. (2013). Community psychology practice competencies in undergraduate and graduate programs in Italy. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 4(4), 1-12. Retrieved from http://www.gjcpp.org

Francescato, D., & Zani, B. (2010). Community psychology in Europe: More needed, less wanted. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 20, 445-454. doi: 10.1002/casp.1066

Francescato, D., & Zani, B. (2017) Strengthening community psychology in Europe through increasing professional competencies for the new Territorial Community Psychologists. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 8(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.gjcpp.org

Freeland, C. (2012). Plutocrats: The rise of the new global super-rich and the fall of everyone else. New York, NY: Penguin Press.

Friedman, T. L. (2005). The world is flat. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.

Friedman, T. L. (2013, July 20). Welcome to the ‘Sharing Economy’. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/21/opinion/sunday/friedman-welcome-to-thesharing-economy.html?pagewanted=all

Germano, F., & Sobbrio, F. (2017, April). Opinion dynamics via search engines (and other algorithmic gatekeepers). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2890853 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2890853

Held, D., & McGrew, A. (2002). Governing globalization: Power, authority, and global governance. Cambridge, England: Polity Press.

Kagan, C., Burton, M., Duckett, P., Lawthom, R. & Siddiquee, A. (2011). Critical community psychology. Chichester, UK: BPS Blackwell, Wiley.

Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodelled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of Studies in Intercultural Education, 8, 5–31. doi:10.1177/1028315303260832.

Krastev, I. (2017, April 26). The movie that explains Central Europe’s protesters. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/26/opinion/the-movie-that-explains-central-europes-protesters.html

Lee, K. F. (2017, June 24). The real threat of artificial intelligence. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/24/opinion/sunday/artificial-intelligence-economic-inequality.html?mcubz=0

Lilla, M. (2017). The once and future liberal. After identity politics. New York, NY: Harper.

Luce, E. (2017). Retreat of western liberalism. Boston, MA: Little Brown Book.

Malvezzi, S. (2010). O convivio entre gerações na
empresa: Diálogo, ou con ito? [Get-together between generations at the enterprise: Dialogue, or con it]. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Universida de Federal de Minas Gerais.

Mebane, M., Francescato, D., Porcelli, R., Iannone, A., & Attanasio, C. (2008). Evaluation of the efficacy of affective education online training in promoting academic and professional learning and social capital. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 24, 1-19. doi: 10.1080/10447310701771498

Parker, B. (2005). Introduction to globalization and business. London, England: Sage.

Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the 21st century (A. Goldhammer, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Prasad, E. (2017, September 1). How China aims to limit the West’s global influence. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/01/opinion/china-west-democracy.html?mcubz=0

Prilleltensky, I. (2012). The what, why, who, and how of globalization: What is psychology to do? Journal of Social Issues, 68, 612–628. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2012.01766.x

PricewaterhouseCoopers Report (2015). The sharing economy. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/us/en/technology/publications/assets/pwc-consumer-intelligence-series-the-sharing-economy.pdf

Raworth, K. (2017). L’economia della ciambella [The economy of the doughnut]. Milano, Italy: Edizioni Ambiente.

Reich, R. (2012). Beyond outrage: What has gone wrong with our economy and our democracy and how to fix it. New York, NY: Vintage.

Rosman, K. (2017, April 25). Bing-worthy television for believers. The New York Times. Retrieved from https.nytimes.com/2017/04/22/style/forget-netflix-and-chill-try-pure-flix-and-pray.html

Stark, W. (2011). Community psychology as a linking science. Potentials and challenges for transdisciplinary competencies. In E. Almeida (Ed.), International community psychology: Community approaches to contemporary social problems (pp. 123–136). Puebla, México: Universidad Interamericana.

Tomai, M., Francescato, D., Andò, M., Mebane, M., Porcelli, R., & Bolognese, S. (2004). Globalism
and localism: Meanings of sense of community at the local, national, European and world levels. In A. Sánchez Vidal, A. Combrano Costanzo & M. Palacin Lois (Eds.), Psicologia comunitaria Europea: Comunidad, poder, ética, e valores [European community psychology: Community, power, ethics, and values] (pp. 237–246). Barcelona, Spain: Universidad de Barcelona.

Vaidhyanathan, S. (2017, September 8). Facebook wins. The New York Times. Retrieved form https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/08/opinion/facebook-wins-democracy-loses.html?mcubz=0

Wellman, B, Rainee, H., & Wellman, B. (2014). Networked: The new social operating system. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Ltd.

Wingfield, N. (2017, September 10). As Amazon pushes forward with robots, workers find new roles. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/10/technology/amazon-robots-workers.html?mcubz=0


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia License.